Effect of Wafer Level Underfill on the Microbump Reliability of Ultrathin-Chip Stacking Type 3D-IC Assembly during Thermal Cycling Tests

The microbump (μ-bump) reliability of 3D integrated circuit (3D-IC) packaging must be enhanced, in consideration of the multi-chip assembly, during temperature cycling tests (TCT). This research proposes vehicle fabrications, experimental implements, and a nonlinear finite element analysis to systematically investigate the assembled packaging architecture that stacks four thin chips through the wafer level underfill (WLUF) process. The assembly of μ-bump interconnects by daisy chain design shows good quality. Results of both TCT data and the simulation indicate that μ-bumps with residual SnAg solders can reach more than 1200 fatigue life cycles. Moreover, several important design factors in the present 3D-IC package influence μ-bump reliability. Analytical results show that the μ-bump's thermo-mechanical reliability can be improved by setting proper chip thickness, along with a WLUF that has a low elastic modulus and a small coefficient of thermal expansion.